In a major step towards strengthening maritime safety and environmental protection, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has officially ratified two landmark international maritime conventions — the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation,…
In recent years, the so-called “dark fleet” has transformed the maritime landscape. This shadow network consists largely of old tankers in sanctioned trades, particularly involving Russian, Iranian, or Venezuelan oil. These vessels often use deceptive…
